Melanoma is the most serious form of skin cancer, but when it comes to children and adolescents, it remains a rare occurrence. Here are the key facts about childhood melanoma in Australia.
What Is Childhood Melanoma?
Childhood melanoma refers to melanoma diagnosed in individuals aged 0–19 years. In Australia, only about 1.1% of all melanoma cases occur in this age group. Despite its rarity, early awareness is important.
Annual New Cases
It is estimated that roughly 120 new cases of melanoma are diagnosed each year in Australians under the age of 20.
Age Breakdown
The incidence of melanoma varies by age group:
- Ages 0–4: Extremely rare, with fewer than 10 cases annually.
- Ages 5–9: Uncommon, with approximately 10–15 cases each year.
- Ages 10–14: A slight increase, with around 20–30 cases annually.
- Ages 15–19: This group is at the highest risk among young people, accounting for about 70% of childhood melanoma cases—roughly 70–80 cases per year.
Incidence Rates Per Million (2011–2015 Data)
- Under 10 years: Fewer than 1.8 cases per million.
- Ages 10–14: Approximately 3.2 cases per million.
- Ages 15–19: Around 10.4 cases per million.
Risk Factors
One of the known risk factors for childhood melanoma is family history. If a first-degree relative (such as a parent or sibling) has been diagnosed with melanoma, the risk can be increased. Additionally, children born with a congenital melanocytic naevus (a type of birthmark) may have a slightly higher risk.
The Bigger Picture
While melanoma is much more common in older adults—with a median age at diagnosis of around 59 years in Australia—it remains a critical health issue across all age groups. In fact, melanoma is one of the more frequently diagnosed cancers in Australian adolescents and young adults, highlighting the importance of public awareness and early detection programmes.
Early Detection Matters
By understanding these facts, parents and guardians can stay informed about the risks and ensure that any concerns are followed up with a skin cancer screening practitioner. Early detection is key to effective treatment, even in young people.
If you are worried about an unusual spot or feeling anxious about a new mole, book an appointment at Skin ChX Subiaco.
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